Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji

Guru Granth Sahib is the central religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and eternal living Guru following the lineage of the ten human Gurus of the sikh religion, of whom eight contributed the bulk.  The Adi Granth, the first rendition, was compiled by the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjan Dev (1563–1606). Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, add one sloak, dhora mahala 9 ang, 1429 and he added all 115 hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur . This second rendition became known as Guru Granth Sahib. After Guru Gobind Singh died, Baba Deep Singh and Bhai Mani Singh prepared many copies of the work for distribution.

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH

Guru Gobind Singh JI

Guru Gobind Singh (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), born Gobind Rai, was the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was beheaded for refusing to convert to Islam, Guru Gobind Singh was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs at age nine, becoming the tenth Sikh Gurus. His four sons died during his lifetime in Mughal-Sikh wars – two in battle, two executed by the Mughal army.

Among his notable contributions to Sikhism are founding the Sikh warrior community called Khalsa in 1699 and introducing the Five Ks, the five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. Guru Gobind Singh also continued the formalisation of the religion, wrote important Sikh texts, and enshrined the scripture the Guru Granth Sahib as Sikhism's eternal Guru.

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH

Guru Teg Bahadur Ji

Guru Tegh Bahadur 1 April 1621 – 24 November 1675,), revered as the ninth Nanak, was the ninth of ten Gurus of the Sikhreligion. Tegh Bahadur continued in the spirit of the first guru, Nanak; his 115 poetic hymns are in the text Guru Granth Sahib. Tegh Bahadur resisted the forced conversions of Kashmiri Pandits and non-Muslims to Islam, and was publicly beheaded in 1675 on the orders of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi for refusing to convert to Islam. Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib and Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib in Delhi mark the places of execution and cremation of the Guru's body. The martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur is remembered as the Shaheedi Divas of Guru Tegh Bahadur every year on 24 November, according to the Nanakshahi calendar released by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee in 2003.

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH

Guru Harkrishan Ji

Guru Har Krishan  7 July 1656 – 30 March 1664^[1]) revered as the eighth Nanak, was the eighth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. At the age of 5, he became the youngest Guru in Sikhism on 7 October 1661, succeeding his father, Guru Har Rai. He contracted smallpox and died of the disease in 1664 before reaching his 8th birthday.

He is also known as Bal Guru (Child Guru),^[2] and sometimes spelled in Sikh literature as Hari Krishan. He is remembered in the Sikh tradition for saying "Baba Bakale" before he died, which Sikhs interpreted to identify his granduncle Guru Tegh Bahadur as the next successor.Guru Har Krishan had the shortest tenure as Guru, lasting only 2 years, 5 months and 24 days.

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH

Guru Har Rai Ji

Guru Har Rai16 January 1630 – 6 October 1661) revered as the seventh Nanak, was the seventh of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. He became the Sikh leader at age 14, on 8 March 1644, after the death of his grandfather and sixth Sikh leader Guru Hargobind. He guided the Sikhs for about seventeen years, till his death at age 31.

Guru Har Rai is notable for maintaining the large army of Sikh soldiers that the sixth Sikh Guru had amassed, yet avoiding military conflict. He supported the moderate Sufi influenced Dara Shikoh instead of conservative Sunni influenced Aurangzeb as the two brothers entered into a war of succession to the Mughal Empire throne

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH

Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji

Guru Hargobind  19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644), revered as the sixth Nanak, was the sixth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. He was barely eleven years old when he became Guru on 11 June 1606, after the execution of his father, Guru Arjan, by the Mughal emperor Jahangir. He initiated a military tradition within Sikhism to resist Islamic persecution and protect the freedom of religion. He had the longest tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days.

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH

Guru Arjan Dev Ji

Guru Arjan 15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606) was the first martyr of the Sikh faith and the fifth of the ten Sikh Gurus, who compiled the first official edition of the Sikh scripture called the Adi Granth, which later expanded into the Guru Granth Sahib.

He was born in Goindval, in the Punjab, the youngest son of Bhai Jetha, who later became Guru Ram Das, and Mata Bhani, the daughter of Guru Amar Das. He was the first Guru in Sikhism to be born into a Sikh family. Guru Arjan led Sikhism for a quarter of a century. He completed the construction of Darbar Sahib at Amritsar, after the fourth Sikh Guru founded the town and built a pool. Guru Arjan compiled the hymns of previous Gurus and of other saints into Adi Granth, the first edition of the Sikh scripture, and installed it in the Harimandir Sahib

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH

Guru Ram Das Ji

Guru Ram Das 1534–1581) was the fourth of the ten Gurus of Sikhism. He was born on 24 September 1534 in a poor Hindu family based in Lahore, part of what is now Pakistan.His birth name was Jetha, he was orphaned at age 7, and thereafter grew up with his maternal grandmother in a village

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH

Guru Amar Das Ji

Guru Amar Das 5 May 1479 – 1 September 1574) was the third of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism and became Sikh Guru on 26 March 1552 at age 73.

Amar Das adhered to the Vaishnavism tradition of Hinduism for much of his life. One day he heard his nephew's wife, Bibi Amro, reciting a hymn by Guru Nanak, and was deeply moved by it. He persuaded her to introduce him to her father, Guru Angad, and in 1539, the year Guru Nanak died, Amar Das at the age of sixty met and devoted himself to Guru Angad and became a Sikh. In 1552, after the death of Guru Angad, he became Guru Amar Das, the third Guru of Sikhism.

Guru Amar Das was an important innovator in Sikhism, who introduced a religious organization called the Manji system by appointing trained clergy, a system that expanded and survives into the contemporary era. He wrote and compiled hymns into a Pothi (book) that ultimately helped create the Adi Granth. Guru Amar Das helped establish the Sikh rituals relating to baby naming, wedding (Anand Karaj), and funeral, as well as the practice of congregation and celebrations of festivals such as Diwali, Maghi and Vaisakhi. He founded centres of Sikh pilgrimage, and picked the site for the Golden Temple.

Guru Amar Das remained the leader of the Sikhs till age 95, and named his son-in-law Bhai Jetha later remembered by the name Guru Ram Das as his successor

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH

Guru Angad Dev Ji

Guru Angad (31 March 1504 – 29 March 1552) was the second of the ten Sikh Gurus. He was born in a Trehan Khatri family, with the birth name as Lehna, in the village of Harike (now Sarae Naga, near Muktsar) in northwest Indian subcontinent.Bhai Lehna's father was a small scale trader, he himself worked as a pujari(priest) and religious teacher centered around goddess Durga. He met Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, and became a Sikh. He served and worked with Guru Nanak for many years. Guru Nanak gave Bhai Lehna the name Angad, chose Angad as the second Sikh Guru instead of his own sons.

After the death of Guru Nanak in 1539, Guru Angad led the Sikh tradition. He is remembered in Sikhism for adopting and formalizing the Gurmukhi alphabet from pre-existing Indo-European scripts such as the Tankre of the Himalayan region. He began the process of collecting the hymns of Nanak, contributed 62 or 63 hymns of his own.Instead of his own son, he chose a Vaishnava Hindu Amar Das as his successor and the third Guru of Sikhism.

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH

Guru Nanak Dev JI

Guru Nanak (1469 – 1539) was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated world-wide as Guru Nanak Gurpurab on Kartik Pooranmashi, the full-moon day in the month of Katak, October–November.

Guru Nanak has been called "one of the greatest religious innovators of all time". He travelled far and wide teaching people the message of one God who dwells in every one of His creations and constitutes the eternal Truth.He set up a unique spiritual, social, and political platform based on equality, fraternal love, goodness, and virtue.

Guru Nanak's words are registered in the form of 974 poetic hymns in the holy text of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, with some of the major prayers being the Japji Sahib, the Asa di Var and the Sidh-Ghost. It is part of Sikh religious belief that the spirit of Guru Nanak's sanctity, divinity and religious authority descended upon each of the nine subsequent Gurus when the Guruship was devolved on to them.

SEE FULL BIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY IN PUNJABI BIOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH